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Introduction to Statistics

Visualize Sizes of Samples and Populations Visualize Sampling Error Visualize Random assignment Understand How Variability Affects Statistical Analyses Visualize Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio Scale Variable Types Evaluate a Complicated Expression

Frequency Distributions

Calculate a Percentile of a Score Calculate a Score for a Percentile

Compare Histograms and Polygons Create a Frequency Histogram Visualize Distribution Skewing Examples: Difficult and Easy Exams

Central Tendency

Calculate a Mean of a Population Calculate a Mean of a Sample Calculate a Median With an Odd Number of Scores Calculate a Median With an Even Number of Scores

Visualize The Mean as a Balancing Point Understand Central Tendency Measures using Ages Understand how Outliers Affect Modes, Medians and Means Understand Central Tendency Measures of Home Prices Understand Means and Medians of Amodal Distributions Determine the Mode Understand the Weakness of the Median Calculate a Median for an Odd Number of Scores Calculate a Median for an Even Number of Scores Calculate a Mean When Replacing a Score Calculate a Mean When Replacing 2 Scores Calculate a Mean When Adding a Score Calculate a Mean When Deleting a Score Calculate a Mean When Multiplying All Scores by a Value

Variability

Calculate a Population Sum of Squares Calculate a Population Variance Calculate a Population Standard Deviation Calculate a Sample Estimate of a Population Variance Calculate a Sample Estimate of a Population Standard Deviation

Understand the Bias in the Sample Sum of Squares Understand an Example of the Unbiased Sample Variance Estimate Visualize the Sum of Squares Visualize the Population Standard Deviation

Z Scores

Transform a Raw Score to a Z Score Transform a Z Score to a Raw Score Calculate a Standard Deviation From a Z Score and a Raw Score Calculate a Population Mean From a Z Score and a Raw Score

Normal Distributions

Calculate the Area Above a Score in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Below a Score in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Between 2 Scores in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Outside 2 Scores in the Normal Distribution Calculate a Score With Area Above That Score in the Normal Distribution Calculate a Score With Area Below That Score in the Normal Distribution Calculate Probability of an Outcome Using the Binomial Distribution Calculate Probability of Outcomes Above A Value Using the Binomial Distribution Calculate Probability of Outcomes Below A Value Using the Binomial Distribution

Understand the Flowchart to Determine the Normality of a Distribution

Sample Mean Distributions

Calculate a Standard Error Calculate the Area Above a Mean in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Below a Mean in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Between 2 Means in the Normal Distribution Calculate the Area Outside 2 Means in the Normal Distribution Calculate a Mean With Area Above That Mean in the Normal Distribution Calculate a Mean With Area Below That Mean in the Normal Distribution

Create Sample Mean Distributions Understand Sampling with and without Replacement Transform Score Distributions Into Sample Mean Distributions (examples) Transform Score Distributions Into Sample Mean Distributions (application)

Confidence Intervals

Calculate a Confidence Interval Calculate a Margin of Error in a Poll Calculate a Confidence Interval of a Poll Calculate a Percent Chance of Winning an Election

Hypothesis Testing

Calculate a Single Sample Z Test Calculate Effect Size (Cohen`s D)

Understand the Experimental Outcomes Understand the Factors Affecting the Power of an Experiment

Power

Calculate a Power (2 Tails) Calculate a Power (1 Tail) Calculate a Sample Size for a Given Power (2 Tails) Calculate a Sample Size for a Given Power (1 Tail)

Single Sample t Tests

Calculate a Single Sample t Test Calculate a Single Sample t Test (Less Calculation) Calculate Effect Size (Estimated Cohen`s D)

Use the t Distribution Table to Find Critical Values

Dependent t Tests

Calculate a Repeated Measures t Test Calculate a Repeated Measures t Test (Less Calculation) Calculate Effect Size (Estimated Cohen`s D)

Calculate a Difference Scores Example

Independent t Tests

Calculate a Pooled Variance Calculate an Independent Measures t Test Calculate an Independent Measures t Test (Less Calculation) Calculate Effect Size (Estimated Cohen`s D)

Understand the General Formula of the Pooled Variance Calculate a Pooled Variance With Equal Sample Sizes Understand the Simplified Pooled Variance Calculation. Understand Individual Mean Distributions in the Independent Measures t Test Understand How the Variance of the Difference of the Means Distribution is Equal to the Sum of The Variances of the Two Mean Distributions

ANOVA

Calculate a One Way Between Subjects ANOVA (Equal N per Group) Calculate Effect Size (eta-squared) (Equal N per Group) Calculate a One Way Between Subjects ANOVA (Unequal N per Group) Calculate Effect Size (eta-squared) (Unequal N per Group)

Understand the Shape of The F Distribution Find the Critical Value for an ANOVA Understand the Complete MS_B Equation Find a q Value for the Tukey HSD test Understand How Partitioning the Sum of Squares Produces an Equation to Solve the Independent Measures ANOVA Visualize the Sum of Squares Partitioning

Within Subjects ANOVA

Calculate a One Way Within Subjects ANOVA Calculate Effect Size (eta-squared)

Understand How Difference Scores Vary Less than Raw Scores Understand Example Data for Partitioning Sum of Squares in a One Way Within Subject ANOVA

Two Way Between Subjects ANOVA

Calculate a Two Way Between Subjects ANOVA Calculate Effect Sizes (eta-squared)

Understand All the Means in a Two Way ANOVA Understand a Real Experiment with an Interaction and No Main Effects Understand a Real Experiment with an Interaction and One Main Effect Understand a Real Experiment with an Interaction and Two Main Effects Understand a Display for a 2X3 ANOVA Understand Examples of a Two Factor ANOVA with More than Two Levels Per Factor Organize the Steps in a Two Factor ANOVA Calculate Eta Squared for the Two Factor ANOVA Calculate a Test for Simple Main Effects for Gender

Correlation

Calculate a Pearson Correlation Calculate a Hypothesis Test of Pearson Correlation

Understand Linear and Non-Linear Relationships Understand Examples of Correlations with Incorrect Inferred Causation Understand the Data Table for a Pearson Correlation Calculation

Regression

Calculate a Least Squares Regression Line Calculate a Residual Sum of Squares Calculate a Standard Error of the Estimate Calculate a Least Squares Regression Line and Hypothesis Test

Understand Examples of Linear Equations Understand How to Simplify the Equation for SS_Regression Understand Similarities Between the Standard Error of the Estimate and the Standard Deviation Understand Examples of Regression in Health Psychology Understand Examples of Partial Correlations

Chi-Square Tests

Calculate a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test Calculate a Chi-Square Test For Independence